‘The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop’: Investigating a Chilly Conflict thriller

Episode 1: “Anyone is aware of”

Our reporting began the place all of it started: The courtyard of the navy fort the place 39-year-old Maurice Bishop, three cupboard ministers and 4 of his closest supporters have been gunned down.

Photographer Jabin Botsford captured pictures of the fort because it stands at the moment. As soon as named after Bishop’s father, Rupert, it’s now often known as Fort George.

You’ll be able to nonetheless see bullet holes within the basketball pole.

When he got here to energy, Maurice Bishop was a charismatic younger revolutionary who befriended Communist leaders. We discovered pictures of Bishop standing alongside Cuban President Fidel Castro and Daniel Ortega, then a member of Nicaragua’s Sandinista junta, at a 1980 Might Day rally in Cuba’s Revolution Sq..

This was the peak of the Chilly Conflict. U.S. President Ronald Reagan noticed Grenada’s ties to Cuba — and by extension the Soviet Union — as a critical menace. He emphasised this in a reside handle on prime-time tv on March 23, 1983: “Grenada, we have been instructed, was a pleasant island paradise for tourism. Effectively, it wasn’t.”

Bishop got here to New York a couple of months later, on June 5, to deal with an enthusiastic crowd. He learn from what he mentioned was a “Secret State Division report” and instructed the viewers it revealed the true purpose the USA believed Grenada was a menace: “And if we have now 95 p.c of predominantly African origin in our nation, then we will have a harmful attraction to 30 million Black individuals in the USA.”

We filed a Freedom of Info Act request to the State Division for the report Bishop cited, however we’re nonetheless ready. They instructed us the “estimated date of completion” is Jan. 31, 2025. We additionally requested the State Division’s Workplace of the Historian in regards to the report and have been instructed they don’t have “any info or sources to supply concerning this query.”

Finally, it was not the USA however tensions inside Bishop’s personal celebration that led to his undoing. But archival pictures just like the one under, taken two days after his execution, present that Bishop held extensive help amongst Grenadians even after his demise.

That attraction is one purpose this thriller nonetheless haunts not solely the households of those that misplaced family members, however all the nation of Grenada. As Bishop’s former press secretary, Don Rojas, instructed us: “The time has come, for my part, for us to deliver closure to this and to supply Bishop’s life and legacy with a correct memorial. The time has come. It’s lengthy overdue.”

To study extra, take heed to Episode 1 of “The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop” on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you take heed to podcasts.

Episode 2: “All of us had nice expectations”

Grenada is an island nation of 125,000 individuals on the fringe of the Caribbean. Lots of the residents of this former British colony are descendants of enslaved Africans. (And for those who heard “Grenada” and thought we have been speaking a couple of metropolis in Spain, test the helpful map under.)

By the Sixties, as Bishop was coming of age, Grenada was nonetheless a poor nation, with many voters nonetheless engaged on plantations as their grandparents had executed.

There have been additionally households just like the Bishops. Maurice’s youngest sister, Ellen Bishop Spielman, shared this household picture and instructed us extra about her household and her brother.

“We have been very class oriented. You couldn’t come into our lives for those who’re outdoors of our class. If I have been to stroll from college and discuss to a taxi driver or servant’s baby, I’d be reprimanded. We’re fairly caught up,” Spielman mentioned.

Maurice “was very form, very good-looking, after all,” she mentioned. “He was my doll. You understand, I bear in mind as soon as he took a nap and I used to be taking part in along with his hair and twisted most of his hair. And he received up and he was in a rush for a date and he couldn’t get them out.”

Sir Eric Gairy was the nation’s prime minister on the time. He was in style at first, however some Grenadians started to see him as power-hungry and corrupt, and he unleashed brutal violence on his political enemies. Right here he’s at a information convention in February 1974, joking that those that opposed him might have ended up within the cemetery, lifeless from “pure causes.”

The Grenadian revolution, which Bishop helped lead, was for a lot of Grenadians a brand new starting. Along with the radio clips you hear on this episode, we additionally discovered movies that captured what life was like then.

We additionally heard tales in regards to the draw back of the revolution. As a lot as Bishop projected this idealistic imaginative and prescient of what Grenada had grow to be, cracks shortly shaped. Right here’s a quote from his speech at Hunter School in June 1983: “The revolution has laid down as a legislation that no one, no matter who you might be, will likely be allowed to be concerned in any exercise surrounding the overthrow of the federal government by way of armed violence. And anybody who strikes in that path will likely be ruthlessly crushed.”

In 2001, the Grenadian authorities assembled a Reality and Reconciliation Fee to analyze “sure political occasions” within the nation, together with exercise through the revolution. The ensuing report discovered that an estimated 3,000 individuals have been arbitrarily detained over the course of Bishop’s four-year rule. Some later testified that they have been overwhelmed and tortured in jail.

There was additionally bitter infighting inside the ruling celebration. We interviewed a number of individuals who had been devoted members of the revolution. One, Christopher Stroude, had been a serious within the Grenadian military.

“There was that perception that the revolution was slowing down. Individuals have been dissatisfied, you realize, completely different ranges. We weren’t in a position to cope with the completely different points that individuals had,” Stroude mentioned.

We pieced collectively our account of Oct. 19, 1983, from interviews with 18 individuals who have been there that day, together with some who would later be convicted of taking part in a job within the executions.

At the least a dozen individuals have been killed that day by gunfire. Others died or have been injured once they leaped off the fort to flee the taking pictures and fell onto boulders 50 to 60 ft under.

Bishop and the seven others have been lined up in opposition to a wall within the fort and gunned down. Whereas the stays of others have been accounted for, the our bodies of those eight persons are nonetheless lacking. We have been unable to seek out pictures of all eight.

• Maurice Bishop, prime minister
• Unison Whiteman, international minister
• Jacqueline Creft, training minister
• Norris Bain, housing minister
• Evelyn Bullen, businessman and Bishop supporter
• Evelyn Maitland, businessman and Bishop supporter
• Fitzroy Bain, union chief and Bishop supporter
• Keith Hayling, member of the Advertising & Nationwide Import Board and Bishop supporter

Annie Bain instructed us about her husband, Norris Bain, who died alongside Bishop that day: “Each nineteenth of October, this factor comes up. Each nineteenth of October, 1983, that comes up. And no reply.”

However we discovered somebody who does have a solution.

To study extra, take heed to “The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop” on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you take heed to podcasts.

Episode 3: “We introduced them to Calivigny”

To know what occurred to the our bodies of Maurice Bishop and his seven allies, we wanted to account for his or her each transfer, beginning with the hours after the executions on Oct. 19, 1983. To determine that chain of custody, we needed to discuss to the individuals who have been there.

Numerous the witnesses to those moments are now not alive, however a couple of of them are. Considered one of them, we heard, had {an electrical} restore store in the course of Grenada’s capital, St. George’s.

We walked down a slender aspect road within the downtown space, trying to find the store. We discovered a pale signal for MP’s Electrical Providers, the place “Solely the Greatest is Good Sufficient.” The store is owned by Mandley Phillip.

Earlier than he ran this restore store, Phillip served within the Grenadian military, or the Individuals’s Revolutionary Military. Phillip was on the fort the day Bishop was killed. He mentioned he didn’t witness the executions, however he did see the aftermath. It’s nonetheless troublesome for him to speak about it.

“After I noticed what was executed to Maurice, it was heartbreaking,” he mentioned. “And the opposite comrades, like Norris Bain … Jacqueline Creft …” It took Phillip a very long time to get the phrases out.

Later that night time, Phillip acquired orders to eliminate the our bodies. He instructed us he supervised the troopers who had been instructed to drive the our bodies to Calivigny, an space of the island then used as a navy barracks. He watched because the troopers put the our bodies right into a trench, stacked tires on high of the stays, doused them in gasoline after which set them on fireplace. He mentioned that he and the opposite troopers left — nobody stayed behind to are inclined to the hearth. Others reported that by the subsequent day, the flames had dwindled to smoke.

We’ve talked to some forensic specialists about this. They mentioned they didn’t suppose these circumstances would outcome within the cremation of a physique.

Six days later, on Oct. 25, 1983, the USA launched an invasion of Grenada. President Ronald Reagan held a information convention standing alongside Eugenia Charles, chair of the Group of Jap Caribbean States and prime minister of the Caribbean island of Dominica. We discovered a video of it on YouTube.

“Early this morning, forces from six Caribbean democracies and the USA started a touchdown, or landings on the island of Grenada within the japanese Caribbean,” Reagan mentioned.

“Between 800 and 1,000 People, together with many medical college students and senior residents, make up the biggest single group of international residents in Grenada.”

The mission was named Operation Pressing Fury. It began with that first wave of U.S. troops. Reagan initially known as the invasion “fully profitable,” however that wasn’t the total image. Nineteen American troops have been killed through the invasion. A few of them have been victims of pleasant fireplace or accidents, together with helicopter crashes.

The USA additionally by chance bombed a Grenadian psychological hospital, killing many sufferers. In whole, greater than 20 civilians have been killed in the middle of the invasion. At the least 69 Grenadian and Cuban troopers have been killed.

We found a 1997 report produced for the Workplace of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Workers’s Joint Historical past Workplace, which discovered that “issues beset the operation from the beginning.” “The success of Operation Pressing Fury was marred by the results of insufficient time for planning, lack of tactical intelligence, and issues with joint command and management,” the report mentioned.

Colin Brathwaite was a detective in Barbados on the time. In his mid-30s, he was despatched to Grenada to assist examine the executions, arriving simply after the USA invaded.

Brathwaite was liable for investigating the killings. So he interviewed witnesses and seemed for proof — together with the our bodies. “We acquired some, I’d suppose, credible info of the place the our bodies have been buried. My info was that the our bodies have been at Calivigny,” he mentioned.

He mentioned that he and a gaggle of law enforcement officials didn’t exit to the reported grave at Calivigny till a couple of days later. We expect this is able to have been a number of weeks after the executions. And once they received there, they discovered the ditch. However instantly, he mentioned he knew one thing was unusual.

“The world was all dug up and there was warning tape round it, you realize.”

Somebody had gotten there earlier than him.

Throughout our reporting, we found a trove of images by the Related Press taken on Nov. 8, 1983, on the web site of the burn pit, days earlier than Brathwaite and his group of investigators arrived on the web site. Among the images present U.S. troopers eradicating what seems to be a physique bag out of a pit in Calivigny. Brathwaite had by no means seen the images earlier than.

So what we all know, based mostly on the images and witness statements, is that the U.S. navy discovered our bodies in a pit at Calivigny. They exhumed them. It occurred, a minimum of partially, in entrance of reporters and photographers who have been on the scene.

From our reporting, we additionally know that, two days later, these our bodies have been examined by a forensic group from the USA, which was tasked with figuring out whether or not these stays belonged to Bishop and the opposite individuals executed with him.

However the USA by no means disclosed the outcomes of the examination to the general public.

In Episode 4, we study what they discovered.

To study extra, take heed to “The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop” on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you take heed to podcasts.

Episode 4: “The Military desires to take a look at some our bodies”

Warning: This episode accommodates graphic descriptions of human stays.

Only a few hundred ft from Grenada’s most well-known seashore is a dilapidated one-story constructing. It’s the previous anatomy lab at St. George’s College, the medical college in Grenada. It’s now not in use; the college constructed a brand new lab on a unique campus a few years in the past. We got here right here with Robert Jordan, a lately retired anatomy professor who taught on the college for 40 years. This had as soon as been his workplace — and likewise the location of a mysterious forensic examination.

In November 1983, Jordan was requested to open up his lab for a group from the U.S. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. They wished to conduct a forensic examination of stays recovered on the Calivigny barracks. Jordan provided his help.

In Jordan’s reminiscence, 4 physique baggage have been introduced in. They have been positioned on the metallic tables his college students used for dissections. However when he seemed inside, he discovered the our bodies have been broken past recognition. They have been extra like physique elements.

Jordan isn’t a forensic scientist. He had no skilled experience in our bodies with that stage of trauma and decay. However as an anatomy professor, he had frolicked trying across the insides of our bodies. And some issues caught out to him:

• There weren’t sufficient bones to account for the total skeletons of eight individuals. His finest guess was that the bones got here from 5 individuals. “There have been no, only a few intact bones. The lengthy bones — particularly a lot of the lengthy bones — have been splintered and burned.”
• Not one of the bones appeared to match Maurice Bishop’s bodily stature. Jordan had met Bishop at cocktail events on the college, and knew he was tall — about 6’3”. “The femurs have been reduce, burned. However by a bit of it, we may inform how lengthy it was. None of these bones have been lengthy sufficient to be Bishop’s,” he mentioned.
• He remembered seeing three pelvis bones, considered one of which he recognized as belonging to somebody who has given beginning. “Considered one of which has little grooves in it, which tells me, as an anatomist … these are birthmarks. … That’s after I thought, ‘Oh, she’s had a child.’ So, that was hers. I simply, in my thoughts, shortly considered it,” he mentioned.
• In addition they discovered private gadgets within the physique baggage. They found a pockets that contained a invoice from Bain’s ironmongery shop — the enterprise owned by Annie Bain and her husband, Norris, the executed housing minister. There have been additionally gadgets related to Fitzroy Bain and Evelyn Maitland, two different individuals executed. And so they discovered a girl’s gown, which was partially burned.

In all, it was an extended day of grueling work. The day after the examination, the stays have been put again into the physique baggage and retrieved by the People.

Jordan mentioned he by no means heard anything. Years later, he began to surprise what got here out of the examination in his lab. So, he requested the People he had labored with that day. They despatched him this doc: Session Report on the Identification of Stays — Grenada, West Indies.

Within the high left nook, you’ll see the seal of the U.S. Protection Division. There’s additionally a date — Dec. 12, 1983 — about one month after the conclusion of the forensic examination in Jordan’s lab.

Jordan mentioned he was stunned by a number of the particulars he felt the report had gotten unsuitable. For instance, the report mentioned: “We discovered no identifiable anatomic proof of feminine stays.”

It concluded: “The fabric out there for examination and the information out there for comparability are inadequate to determine the identification of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, members of his Cupboard, or different individuals who allegedly died at Fort Rupert, Grenada, on 19 October 1983.”

Jordan agreed that the proof was inadequate to determine Bishop. However he was stunned that the report additionally mentioned the cupboard members couldn’t be recognized. They’d seen these gadgets that belonged to Minister Norris Bain, Fitzroy Bain and Evelyn Maitland, and a gown that the report mentioned “reportedly” belonged to Jacqueline Creft.

So to him, there had been sufficient there to recommend that the cupboard members may have been amongst these stays.

The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology — the company that wrote that forensic report — has since been divided into three authorities entities: The Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, the Joint Pathology Middle, and the Nationwide Museum of Well being and Drugs. Officers with every company instructed The Submit they’d no further details about the report as a result of it predated them.

We additionally submitted Freedom of Info Act requests to the Joint Pathology Middle and the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System. They mentioned they carried out intensive searches and had “no information conscious of the request.”

We requested an archivist on the Nationwide Museum of Well being and Drugs to tug bins and recordsdata on Grenada, however trying by way of them, we discovered nothing related.

So, we then tracked down members of the “Grenada 17,” the group of individuals convicted of killing Bishop and his supporters. Although lots of the 17 are nonetheless residing, not everybody we contacted agreed to an interview.

However Joseph Layne, who was accused of giving the order to execute Bishop, and who helped resolve what to do with the our bodies afterward, agreed to talk with us.

Layne was a senior officer within the Individuals’s Revolutionary Military and had stood by Bishop’s aspect at first of the revolution. He instructed Senior Producer Ted Muldoon why the our bodies have been moved to Calivigny after the executions:

LAYNE: “The core purpose for transferring the our bodies to Calivigny was simply, if you wish to put it, the worry of what would occur, what may occur. It infected the scenario if the our bodies have been handed over —”

MULDOON: “So the preliminary purpose was to cover the our bodies simply till you found out what —”

LAYNE: “Effectively, if you wish to use the phrase ‘cover,’ I don’t suppose that’s an unfair description. Yeah, I feel that’s a good description.”

Layne and the others we spoke with acknowledged that the our bodies have been taken to Calivigny and burned. However they’ve all the time mentioned they did nothing else after that. In addition they observe that pictures present U.S. Military troopers on the grave. Pictures additionally present troopers pulling our bodies from the grave. But, U.S. officers have mentioned they have no idea the whereabouts of Bishop and the others killed with him.

As we went again over the timeline of what we knew, we realized there’s a stretch of days that’s troublesome to account for: The 2 weeks between the beginning of the U.S. invasion on Oct. 25 and Nov. 8, when the stays have been faraway from that pit.

And once we seemed extra carefully at that a part of the timeline, we found one thing else — one thing that concerned the U.S. authorities.

Hearken to Episode 4 of “The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop” on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you take heed to podcasts.

Episode 5: “An unsightly, soiled job”

Stephen Trujillo was an Military Ranger medic through the U.S. invasion of Grenada. In 2017, he self-published a memoir that included particulars about what occurred at Calivigny which will provide a brand new clarification for a part of the thriller across the stays of Maurice Bishop and his supporters. This summer time, we tracked him down, and he instructed us his story.

On Oct. 25, 1983, Trujillo and his fellow Rangers parachuted onto the island. He mentioned they shortly overpowered the Cuban resistance and took management of the airfield. They killed many Cubans that day.

“However it was conflict. I used to be a soldier. They have been troopers,” Trujillo mentioned. “And that is what occurs when previous males ship younger males to conflict. We struggle and we kill one another for actually silly causes more often than not.”

The following day, Trujillo and his platoon rescued the American college students on the medical college campuses. They thought their job was executed, he mentioned. However on Oct. 27, they acquired a brand new mission.

The Rangers have been ordered to arrange for an assault on Calivigny, the place the final of the Cuban and Grenadian holdouts have been believed to be hiding. Trujillo mentioned that one commander was offended as a result of there was little time to arrange for the assault, and so they lacked intelligence in regards to the potential menace.

“He mentioned, ‘My Rangers will not be going to go until you make it a parking zone.’”

So Calivigny was bombarded. Trujillo and his platoon watched from the airport close by because the U.S. Military fired artillery towards Calivigny from the bottom, and U.S. Navy plane circled overhead. We realized later from U.S. Navy accounts that the plane have been dropping cluster bombs known as Mark 20s and 500-pound bombs often known as Mark 82s. They have been additionally firing 1000’s of rounds of ammunition.

When the Rangers attacked, Trujillo was within the lead helicopter. “I may see the bottom sweeping beneath us. It’s all on fireplace,” he mentioned. “It’s simply rubble and it’s all on fireplace. And the buildings that have been on the goal have been blown up.”

Then one thing went unsuitable. The Black Hawks following Trujillo’s helicopter collided. Sgt. Stephen Eric Slater, Specialist Philip Sebastian Grenier, and Specialist Kevin Lannon have been all killed throughout this touchdown. Lannon had been a detailed buddy of Trujillo’s.

Amid the chaos, Trujillo introduced wounded troopers to security, together with his platoon chief, whose life Trujillo is credited with saving. For his actions, Trujillo was later awarded a Silver Star.

There have been craters from artillery and bomb blasts throughout them. So the Rangers used them for canopy. They mentioned they huddled contained in the craters in a single day — amid the unmistakable stench of demise. Within the morning, they realized why. Trujillo instructed us: “Mike Farmer awoke the subsequent morning. I imply, every thing smelled like demise, okay? However he woke as much as discover that he had slept within the embrace of a corpse, rotting corpse that had been there within the floor. … They’d been lifeless not for a very long time, however for some time.”

The our bodies, a minimum of one male and one feminine, had been decomposing for days, he mentioned. On the time, the Rangers didn’t know who they may have been. However in response to a number of Grenadians we interviewed, the our bodies have been present in the identical location the place Bishop and the seven others who have been executed had been buried.

Trujillo’s account means that the mass grave might have been inadvertently bombed by the U.S. navy on Oct. 27, virtually two weeks earlier than the stays have been exhumed. That would assist clarify why bones have been damaged aside and fragmented, and why Robert Jordan, the anatomy professor, mentioned the stays seemed like they’d been “dynamited.”

We obtained aerial pictures of Calivigny from the Naval Historical past and Heritage Command. This one exhibits the world on Oct. 26, the day earlier than the raid by the Military Rangers.

This second picture exhibits Calivigny on Oct. 28, the day after the raid. Should you zoom in, you possibly can see a polka-dot sample within the floor on the left, which may point out the world had been hit by munitions.

This third picture exhibits the world on Oct. 28 from a unique angle. The Navy supplied us the picture, with annotations in crimson ink; we don’t know who made the markings. Simply to the left of the circle within the decrease left-hand nook is the situation of the pit the place we consider the our bodies of Bishop and the seven others have been buried. The close by constructing has been destroyed.

We shared these pictures with Brian Castner, a former explosive ordnance disposal officer within the U.S. Military. He now works for Amnesty Worldwide and investigates the usage of weapons in battle zones. We requested him in regards to the attainable impression of the bombs we all know have been dropped on the world.

“Sadly, I can’t provide you with a normal reply of how far-off individuals could be damage and killed essentially,” he mentioned. “However I’d simply say, usually, it may be a whole bunch of ft, many a whole bunch of ft in all instructions that an individual may very well be injured both by the blast or the fragments.”

Castner clarified that simply because a bomb might need hit the location subsequent to the pit doesn’t essentially imply that will have affected what was inside it. And he mentioned that he couldn’t definitively conclude whether or not the pit itself was hit.

We additionally shared with the Pentagon and the State Division our findings that the mass grave might have been bombed. The State Division once more responded with the identical one-sentence remark: “We’ve no data of or details about the stays of Prime Minister Bishop.”

A spokesperson from the Protection Division mentioned: “The Division was not capable of finding any present information or paperwork associated to this case that may affirm the knowledge offered.”

We filed a Freedom of Info Act request with the U.S. Navy for added images or different information of the bombing at Calivigny. Officers launched two new pictures, together with the one with the crimson markings above. However there have been 31 further pages “probably responsive materials” that officers declined to launch, saying they comprise “categorised nationwide safety info.” We’ve appealed the choice.

Then we heard an account about one thing else which will have occurred to Bishop’s physique — one that implies the USA hasn’t instructed the entire story. That’s subsequent time on the ultimate episode of “The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop.”

Hearken to Episode 5 of “The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop” on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you take heed to podcasts.

Episode 6: “I do know what I noticed”

Early entry is accessible now to Washington Submit subscribers on Apple Podcasts and all over the place else Nov. 22.

After listening to the Military Ranger’s story in Episode 5, we began trying to find extra People who have been concerned within the restoration of the stays discovered at Calivigny. We started with the Related Press pictures of the exhumations that you just noticed again in Episode 3. We zoomed in on the images to scrutinize partial names on uniforms, and we scoured newspapers from the time for the names of any troopers talked about in tales. You’ll be able to hear our makes an attempt to succeed in a number of the individuals we recognized. However one particularly stood out.

Second from the suitable, sporting a darkish beret with a digital camera round his neck, is an intelligence officer from the Jamaica Protection Power named Earl Brown. He remained largely unknown till 2000, when a gaggle of Grenadian highschool college students, with assist from their principal, tracked him down through e-mail. As a part of a category venture, the boys have been attempting to resolve the thriller of the lacking our bodies. Brown wrote them again. Right here’s what he instructed them:

Brown mentioned that he had been the lone Caribbean peacekeeper on the scene because the American troopers recovered the stays. His e-mail would forged the thriller in a brand new mild.

The Calivigny stays have been recovered on Nov. 8, 1983. When physique baggage have been delivered to the medical college anatomy lab two days later, they contained “charred, fragmented tissue in a state of superior decomposition,” in response to the U.S. navy forensic report we obtained earlier.

However Brown instructed the scholars he noticed intact our bodies with skulls within the pit. That made us surprise: If the our bodies have been, in truth, identifiable once they have been exhumed on Nov. 8, why have been they in such a unique situation two days later? Was it even the identical set of stays? We would have liked to seek out Earl Brown.

After greater than a yr of looking out — together with calling each Earl Brown listed within the Jamaican phone book — we discovered him residing in California. He agreed to be interviewed and to pose for {a photograph}.

His full interview with Powers and the group is gripping. Listed below are some highlights:

1. Brown mentioned he noticed 5 our bodies: one feminine and 4 males.

Powers: You understand it’s 5 for positive?

Brown: 5 our bodies. One feminine. 4 males.

Powers: How do you know that —

Brown: How do I do know? Due to the garments that they have been sporting. And we had really talked about, ‘What have been they sporting at the moment?’ So we all know the mode of gown that they have been in and who was sporting what. And in addition, it was one of many … grave digging group members identified, as a result of they began pulling there, like, ‘Oh, this the feminine right here.’ Y’know, and you may see male genitalia, so that you knew what was male and what was feminine. It was proper there.

2. He mentioned that Maurice Bishop was recognized as one of many our bodies.

Powers: So at the moment, did you suppose it was Maurice Bishop?

Brown: Sure. Sure. All of us did. Sure.

3. Brown mentioned the American troopers then put every cadaver in a separate physique bag and the 5 baggage have been loaded onto a helicopter. An American commander instructed Brown they’d be flown to an American ship.

Brown: They have been positioned on a helicopter and shipped out to one of many ships that have been offshore.

Brown: They have been despatched to a ship that was ready offshore, and we have been instructed that they have been going to be despatched to the USA to do additional DNA on it. Forensics.

4. Brown’s account has remained constant. He mentioned he was surprised years later when he realized from a journalist that the whereabouts of Bishop’s stays have been nonetheless a thriller.

Brown: And I mentioned, ‘What do you imply they don’t know? Maurice Bishop’s physique was recovered.’ He mentioned, ‘Effectively, the Grenadian individuals don’t have his physique.’ And I’m like, ‘What?’ As a result of I do know what I did. I do know what I noticed. I do know he received recovered. So I’m like, ‘I believed the People handed it over to the Grenadian individuals.’ And it was like, no, it was by no means handed over. After which he went on to say, ‘There’s been a giant dispute in regards to the People saying, “No, they by no means received his physique.”’ And I’m like: ‘Uh, actually? That appears odd.’

We additionally spoke with Brown’s former commander. He didn’t need to be named or be recorded for the podcast. He mentioned he by no means noticed the our bodies himself, however he remembers receiving stories from Brown about discovering 5 our bodies, together with one which was recognized as Bishop. He instructed us we may belief Brown’s reminiscence.

Brown additionally mentioned he photographed the exhumation, utilizing a number of rolls of movie, and that he took notes. Brown mentioned he left his documentation with the JDF when he retired from the navy. We filed an Entry to Info request for the notes and images, and we’ve been instructed by the JDF’s Media Affairs Division that “the request was despatched to increased authorities for approval.”

Brown mentioned he believes that he and the People have been the primary to go to the burial web site. However we discovered a U.S. State Division report dated Nov. 6 that implies the People knew of the location two days earlier. You’ll be able to learn it right here.

We additionally tracked down one other account from an American in Grenada on the time that implies the People might need been conscious of the location sooner. Charles Gillespie Jr. — also referred to as “Tony” Gillespie — was a diplomat within the U.S. State Division within the Nineteen Eighties. Proper after the U.S. invasion of Grenada, he was despatched to the island to function a short lived ambassador for a couple of months and assist restore diplomacy.

Gillespie died in 2008. However slightly over a decade earlier than his demise, he gave a sequence of interviews about his profession to a company known as the Affiliation for Diplomatic Research and Coaching. These interviews, which you could find within the Library of Congress, have been intensive. The transcript is sort of 600 pages lengthy. We additionally obtained a replica of the interview audio, which you’ll hear on this episode. Right here’s Gillespie in Grenada, after the invasion:

In his interviews, he described two important occasions. Within the first, Gillespie talked about escorting a U.S. congressional delegation from Washington round Grenada to indicate a number of lawmakers the island and assist make the case for the invasion.

“And we begin our main present and inform for these guys, and so they do their inquiries and we’re transferring them round: ‘Bear in mind, Marines have been killed in helicopters right here, and this was the headquarters and that is the hospital that was attacked and that is the place these incidents occurred and this was all shot up and that is Bishop, the place Bishop’s physique is,’ and so forth and so forth …”

The delegation arrived on Nov. 4 and stayed by way of Nov. 6, two days earlier than the exhumation, which means that Gillespie might have been conscious of the grave earlier. It’s essential to notice that there are different particulars in Gillespie’s oral historical past that he will get unsuitable or misremembers. We additionally interviewed a number of individuals who have been part of that congressional delegation who’re nonetheless alive, and none of them mentioned they bear in mind being proven human stays.

Gillespie additionally spoke a couple of forensic examination he attended.

Gillespie: The issues we didn’t get into have been a number of the little particulars… Possibly, I don’t know if you wish to get into them.

Interviewer: No, let’s simply put them in.

Gillespie: Yeah, the forensic stuff on Bishop’s physique and really having to exit with a group from the… What’s it? The Armed Forces School of Pathology or no matter…

Interviewer: Uh, Institute of Pathology.

Gillespie: Institute of Pathology. These guys, they have been simply exceptional, going over these stays, and so they wished me. … They mentioned, ‘It’s actually essential so that you can see what we’re doing and perceive it so you possibly can clarify it.’ And … and a number of the stuff you’re known as upon to do as a [Foreign Service officer], it simply appears to me, is all the time exceptional …

After we first heard this, our assumption was that Gillespie was describing the examination carried out in Robert Jordan’s anatomy lab. However perhaps it was one thing else.

Jordan, the anatomy professor who assisted the AFIP throughout that examination, instructed us he doesn’t bear in mind Gillespie being within the lab — although he mentioned he can’t rule out the chance that in some unspecified time in the future he stepped in and he simply doesn’t bear in mind. We talked to somebody from the State Division who recalled that Gillespie mentioned he went to the examination, however he doesn’t bear in mind whether or not Gillespie instructed him that Bishop’s physique had been recognized.

On the subsequent episode, we observe the path of these stays the AFIP examined.

Hearken to Episode 6 of “The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop” on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you take heed to podcasts.

Episodes 3 to 7 will likely be out there early to Washington Submit subscribers on Apple Podcasts. Join your Submit subscription to Apple Podcast by searching for the Washington Submit channel.

• Episode 1: “Anyone is aware of”
• Episode 2: “All of us had nice expectations”
• Episode 3: “We introduced them to Calivigny”
• Episode 4: “The Military desires to take a look at some our bodies”
• Episode 5: “An unsightly, soiled job”
• Episode 6: Out there now on Apple Podcasts and all over the place else Nov. 22
• Episode 7: Coming Dec. 4 to Apple Podcasts and all over the place else Dec. 6

Have a tip to share? Contact “The Empty Grave of Comrade Bishop” group at emptygrave@washpost.com.