When the US TV information programme 60 Minutes II revealed photos of Iraqi males being abused and humiliated by their American jailers at Abu Ghraib jail in Iraq 20 years in the past this weekend, the United States-led invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq was simply 13 months previous.
Toppled Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, who had been captured by US forces greater than 4 months earlier, was awaiting trial on fees of crimes in opposition to humanity, and the Iraqi state itself was within the grip of violence and dysfunction.
For a lot of within the Arab world, Abu Ghraib shortly turned a logo of US imperialism and hypocrisy, shattering then-US President George W Bush’s repeated claims that the US was a bastion of human rights.
20 years later, a civil case that has been introduced by Abu Ghraib victims in opposition to a US contractor that operated on the jail is below approach. Many are actually viewing Israel’s ongoing US-backed navy motion within the Gaza Strip, the place greater than 34,000 Palestinians have been killed since October, via the prism of the Abu Ghraib scandal, which first got here to gentle on April 28, 2004, and despatched shockwaves world wide.
What did the Abu Ghraib photos present?
The images broadcast on 60 Minutes confirmed US guards at Abu Ghraib subjecting Iraqi prisoners to varied types of violence, sexual assault and humiliation. Lots of the prisoners had been apprehended by US troopers on suspicion of being a part of armed teams, however in keeping with the Worldwide Pink Cross, 70 % to 90 % of them had been harmless bystanders who had been arrested mistakenly.
One picture confirmed bare prisoners heaped right into a pyramid with their US captors standing smiling behind them. One other confirmed a US soldier holding a unadorned prisoner on a leash.
Nonetheless, the defining picture of the scandal proved to be the haunting depiction of a hooded Iraqi man holding electrical wires and standing on a field.
Then-US Basic Mark Kimmitt, who was deputy director of coalition operations in Iraq and was interviewed for the April 2004 CBS Information story, mentioned: “Frankly, I believe all of us are upset on the actions of the few. You realize, day-after-day we love our troopers, … however frankly, some days we’re not all the time happy with our troopers.”
Subsequent revelations by CBS Information disclosed that the US military report on which the US broadcaster had primarily based its unique story on Abu Ghraib had the truth is detailed “quite a few incidents of sadistic, blatant, and wanton prison abuses” of Iraqis by US troopers on the jail.
Was there another proof of abuse at Abu Ghraib?
Quickly after the pictures of US troopers humiliating and mistreating Iraq males had been launched on CBS Information, the Worldwide Committee of the Pink Cross printed its personal report on abuse on the jail.
The report detailed incidents of abuse witnessed by Pink Cross observers from March to November 2003 and carried out “throughout arrest, internment and interrogation”, notably of “individuals arrested in reference to suspected safety offences or deemed to have an ‘intelligence’ worth”.
The Pink Cross mentioned it had uncovered quite a few examples of violations of the Geneva Conventions by US navy personnel. For instance, the report mentioned Pink Cross observers had witnessed US troopers mistreating Abu Ghraib prisoners by retaining them bare in complete darkness in empty cells.
Within the government abstract for its report, the Pink Cross mentioned so-called excessive worth detainees “had been at excessive threat of being subjected to a wide range of harsh therapies starting from insults, threats and humiliations to each bodily and psychological coercion, which in some circumstances was tantamount to torture, with a view to power cooperation with their interrogators”.
The abuse was, “in some circumstances, tantamount to torture”, the Pink Cross report mentioned.
Have been any US troopers held accountable?
Personal Lynndie England, the soldier pictured holding a leash connected to a unadorned Iraqi man mendacity on the bottom at Abu Ghraib jail, which had been a infamous place of torture through the presidency of Saddam Hussein himself, appeared in a number of prisoner abuse photos. In 2005, England was discovered responsible of six counts of abuse by a US navy court docket and sentenced to a few years in jail. She was launched in March 2007.
Charles Graner Jr, a US military jail guard convicted by a navy court docket of main the abuse of detainees at Abu Ghraib, was handed a 10-year jail time period in 2005 after being convicted of 5 counts of assault, maltreatment and conspiracy. Graner was freed in August 2011.
Of the 11 troopers court-martialled by the US navy for mistreating Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib, 9 got jail time.
Nevertheless it quickly turned obvious that American abuse of Iraqi inmates was not confined to Abu Ghraib. Certainly, after CBS revealed the Abu Ghraib scandal, the information company began to be taught of the existence of military investigator interviews that additionally dropped at gentle the abuse of prisoners at different detention centres in Iraq, akin to al-Mahmudiya jail, a brief holding facility, for which different US navy personnel had been additionally jailed.
Have Iraqi victims of US torture obtained any sort of redress?
In September, Human Rights Watch mentioned: “The US authorities has apparently failed to offer compensation or different redress to Iraqis who suffered torture and different abuse by US forces at Abu Ghraib and different US-run prisons in Iraq 20 years in the past.”
The existence of the Federal Tort Claims Act, which provides the US authorities immunity from any lawsuits arising throughout battle, means looking for redress is especially tough.
As a substitute, Iraqi victims of US abuse have been pressured to pursue US navy contractors, which Chris Bartlett, a US photographer who has been taking pictures portraits of Abu Ghraib’s torture survivors since 2006, famous to Al Jazeera had been “employed … to create a layer of legal responsibility distance so the federal authorities might be shielded from duty”.
Most lately, on April 15 this yr, a federal court docket in Virginia started listening to the case of Al Shimari et al v CACI, a non-public safety agency employed in 2003 by the US authorities to interrogate Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib.
The defendants are being represented by the US-based Heart for Constitutional Rights, which in 2013 received a $5m settlement for its Iraqi shoppers from Titan Corp, one other navy agency working at Abu Ghraib.
Within the Virginia case, the advocacy group is looking for compensation for 3 Iraqi shoppers – Suhail Najim Abdullah Al Shimari, Salah Al-Ejaili and As’advert Al-Zuba’e – who allege that “CACI participated in a conspiracy to commit illegal conduct together with torture and battle crimes at Abu Ghraib jail,” the place they had been tortured.
On Monday, the eight-person jury within the case retired to think about its verdict.
Why has Israel’s battle on Gaza drawn comparisons with US torture at Abu Ghraib?
Israel’s lethal marketing campaign of air strikes in opposition to the Hamas-governed Gaza Strip, which started on October 7, was quickly adopted by reviews of Israeli troopers beating and humiliating detained Palestinians, which many likened to US torture at Abu Ghraib.
On October 31, the pro-Palestinian advocacy group Jewish Voice for Peace wrote on X: “The footage of Israeli troopers torturing Palestinian males within the West Financial institution is horrific. The Israeli navy has brutally abused Palestinian prisoners for many years. Because the Israeli navy wages a genocidal battle in Gaza, its troopers are not hiding this abuse from the general public.”
It added: “It’s no shock … that the identical authorities that tortured Iraqis in Abu Ghraib is funding the identical techniques on Palestinians.”
Sarah Sanbar, an Iraq researcher at Human Rights Watch, informed Al Jazeera {that a} former Iraqi detainee informed her photos of stripped Palestinians being rounded up and restrained by Israeli forces in Gaza had been “very retraumatising and triggering and took him proper again to 2003 and 2004 when he was being tortured [by the Americans] at Abu Ghraib”.